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- <text id=93CT1907>
- <title>
- Uruguay--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- South America
- Uruguay
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> In early Uruguayan history, Spain, Portugal, and later Brazil
- and Argentina struggled for control of the area. In 1811, Jose
- Gervasio Artigas, Uruguay's national hero, launched Uruguay's
- revolt against Spain and later led an unsuccessful attempt to
- gain autonomy within a regional federation with Argentina. In
- 1821, Uruguay was annexed by Brazil; however, in 1825, Uruguayan
- patriots declared independence from Portuguese rule and, with
- the support of Argentine troops, defeated Brazilian forces.
- Independence came in 1828. The new nation's first constitution
- was adopted July 18, 1830.
- </p>
- <p> Batlle y Ordonez, president from 1903 to 1907 and again from
- 1911 to 1915, set the pattern for Uruguay's modern political
- development. He established widespread political, social, and
- economic reforms, such as an extensive welfare program,
- government participation in many facets of the economy, and a
- plural executive. Many of these programs continue today.
- </p>
- <p> In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the
- armed forces closed the Congress and established a civilian-
- military regime. A new constitution drafted by the military was
- rejected in a November 1980 plebiscite. Following the
- plebiscite, the armed forces announced a new plan for return to
- civilian rule, with national elections scheduled in 1984.
- Colorado Party leader Julio Maria Sanguinetti won the 1984
- presidential election with 31.4% of the vote.
- </p>
- <p> In the 1989 presidential election, Blanco Party leader Luis
- Alberto Lacalle gained the presidency with 27% of the vote.
- Since taking office on March 1, 1990, President Lacalle has
- concentrated on economic and social reform programs. The Lacalle
- administration is vigorously pursuing budget deficit reduction,
- foreign debt reduction, privatization of state enterprises,
- civil service reform, and education and labor reform. To achieve
- these ambitious goals, the Lacalle administration has sought the
- legislative cooperation of the Colorado Party by appointing
- several Colorado Party members to his cabinet. He also has
- continued the previous government's policies of reserving some
- directorship positions in the autonomous state entities for
- opposition parties.
- </p>
- <p> In the 1989 election, the Leftist Broad Front Coalition won
- the seat of the Intendente (Mayor) of Montevideo. Next to the
- presidency, this is the most important elective post in the
- country, as Montevideo contains 44% of the country's population.
- The Communist Party/Socialist Party/Radical Left coalition hopes
- to use this 5-year term as a springboard for future electoral
- gains at the national level.
- </p>
- <p> Uruguay's economic difficulties, and the Lacalle
- administration's privatization and the labour reform proposals
- have led to increased tension between the Labour Federation, the
- PIT-CNT, and the national government. The tempo of labor
- protest, which had declined after the first year of the
- Sanguinetti administration, rose with the approach of the 1989
- elections and will likely increase in the short-term as the
- Lacalle administration's economic program progresses through
- parliament. The Lacalle administration is seeking through new
- labor legislation to regulate what currently is an almost
- unlimited right to strike, and to require that strikes be
- approved by a secret, obligatory vote of the membership.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, June
- 1988.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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